Beef Liver Beef Liver for Humans
| Nutritional value per 100 thousand (3.5 oz) | |
|---|---|
| Energy | 561 kJ (134 kcal) |
| Carbohydrates | ii.five g |
| Fatty | iii.vii k |
| Poly peptide | 21 one thousand |
| Vitamins | Quantity %DV † |
| Vitamin A equiv. | 813% 6500 μg |
| Riboflavin (Btwo) | 250% 3 mg |
| Niacin (Biii) | 100% fifteen mg |
| Vitamin B6 | 54% 0.7 mg |
| Folate (Bnine) | 53% 212 μg |
| Vitamin B12 | 1083% 26 μg |
| Vitamin C | 28% 23 mg |
| Minerals | Quantity %DV † |
| Atomic number 26 | 177% 23 mg |
| Sodium | 6% 87 mg |
| Dogie liver and chicken liver are comparable. | |
| |
| †Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults. Source: USDA FoodData Fundamental | |
The liver of mammals, fowl, and fish is normally eaten as food past humans (see offal). Pork, lamb, veal, beef, chicken, goose, and cod livers are widely available from butchers and supermarkets while stingray and burbot livers are common in some European countries. Animal livers are rich in iron, copper, the B vitamins and preformed vitamin A. It is unsure if daily consumption of liver can exist harmful, as no conclusive research has been done on the toxicity of preformed vitamin A from food. A single serving of beef liver exceeds the tolerable upper intake level of vitamin A.[one] 100 g cod liver contains five mg of vitamin A and 100 µg of vitamin D.[2] Liver was one of the reasons for discovering vitamin B12, which was later found to contain large amounts of it.[iii]
Etymology [edit]
From Middle English liver, from Old English lifer , from Proto-Germanic *librō , from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- "to smear, smudge, stick", from Proto-Indo-European *ley - "to be slimy, be sticky, glide". Cognate with Saterland Western frisian Lieuwer "liver", West Frisian lever "liver", Dutch lever "liver", German Leber "liver", Danish , Norwegian and Swedish language lever "liver" the last 3 from One-time Norse lifr "liver".
In the Romance languages, the anatomical word for "liver" (French foie , Italian fegato , Spanish hígado , etc.) derives not from the Latin anatomical term, jecur , but from the culinary term ficatum , literally "stuffed with figs," referring to the livers of geese that had been fattened on figs (foie gras).[four]
Preparation [edit]
Liver can be baked, boiled, broiled, fried, stir-fried, or eaten raw (asbeh nayeh or sawda naye in Lebanese cuisine, liver sashimi). In many preparations, pieces of liver are combined with pieces of meat or kidneys, similar in the diverse forms of Middle Eastern mixed grill (e.yard. meurav Yerushalmi). Spreads or pâtés made from liver have various names, including liver pâté, pâté de foie gras, chopped liver, liverwurst, liver spread, and Braunschweiger. Other liver sausages include mazzafegato or salsiccia matta. A traditional South African delicacy, namely skilpadjies, is made of minced lamb's liver wrapped in netvet (caul fat), and grilled over an open up fire.
Fish liver [edit]
Some fish livers are valued every bit food, especially the stingray liver. Information technology is used to prepare delicacies, such equally poached skate liver on toast in England,[5] as well as the beignets de foie de raie and foie de raie en croute in French cuisine.[6] Cod liver (commonly tinned in its oil and served seasoned) is a pop spread for bread or toast in several European countries. In Russia, information technology is served with potatoes. Cod liver oil is ordinarily used as a dietary supplement. Liver of burbot is eaten in Finland: information technology is mutual for fish vendors and supermarket fish aisles to sell these fish with liver and roe sacks still attached. These parts are often eaten boiled or added to burbot soup. Burbot and its liver are a traditional winter food.[7]
Poisoning [edit]
The livers of polar bears, walruses, bearded seals, moose, and huskies tin contain very high levels of preformed vitamin A,[eight] and their consumption has led to vitamin A poisoning (hypervitaminosis A) according to several anecdotal reports. The Inuit volition not eat the liver of polar bears or bearded seals. It has been estimated that consumption of 500 grams of polar bear liver would result in a toxic dose for a man.[8] Russian sailor Alexander Konrad, who accompanied explorer Valerian Albanov in a tragic ordeal over the Arctic ice in 1912, wrote about the awful furnishings of consuming polar bear liver.[9] Also, in 1913, Antarctic explorers on the Far Eastern Party Douglas Mawson and Xavier Mertz were believed to have been poisoned, the latter fatally, from eating husky liver, though this has been contested recently.[10]
Mercury content in some species can as well be an result. In 2012, the Regime of Nunavut warned pregnant women to lower their intake of ringed seal liver due to elevated levels of mercury.[11]
The neurotoxin in the liver of the pufferfish (which is consumed in Japanese cuisine equally fugu, tightly regulated by Japanese law) contains the highest concentration of the tetrodotoxin, which characterizes the species. Consequently, the liver has been illegal to serve since 1984.
Traditions [edit]
Pig liver is a traditional food of immigrant Okinawans in Hawaii. It used to be eaten on New year's Eve.[12]
References [edit]
- ^ "Vitamin A". oregonstate.edu. Linus Pauling Institute. 22 April 2014. Retrieved March 30, 2020.
- ^ Nährstoffe und Vitamine in Dorschleber Deutsches Ernährungsberatungs- und -informationsnetz (in German)
- ^ Scott, John M.; Molloy, Anne M. (2012). "The discovery of vitamin B(12)". Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism. 61 (3): 239–245. doi:10.1159/000343114. ISSN 1421-9697. PMID 23183296.
- ^ "Foie". Larousse.fr . Retrieved 2019-04-16 .
- ^ Dods, Margaret (1837). The Cook and Housewife's Manual ... The fifth edition, revised and enlarged, etc (Sixth ed.). Oliver & Boyd, Eninburgh. p. 269. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
- ^ Schwabe, Calvin W. (1979). Unmentionable Cuisine. University of Virginia Press. p. 315. ISBN978-0813911625 . Retrieved 12 February 2018.
- ^ "Kalakoulu: Made". 28 February 2011.
- ^ a b Rodahl, Chiliad.; T. Moore (July 1943). "The vitamin A content and toxicity of bear and seal liver". Biochemical Journal. 37 (2): 166–168. doi:ten.1042/bj0370166. ISSN 0264-6021. PMC1257872. PMID 16747610.
- ^ Valerian Albanov. In the Land of White Expiry. Appendix; A. Konrad'south notes.
- ^ Carrington-Smith, Denise (5–nineteen December 2005), "Mawson and Mertz: a re-evaluation of their ill-fated mapping journey during the 1911–1914 Australasian Antarctic Expedition", The Medical Journal of Commonwealth of australia, 183 (eleven/12): 638–641, doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2005.tb00064.10, PMID 16336159, S2CID 8430414
- ^ Canada, Environment and Climate change (2020-07-03). "4. Mercury and Human Health". aem . Retrieved 2020-ten-27 .
- ^ Ethnic Foods of Hawaiʻi page 80
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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_%28food%29
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